Another thorny issue, but a critical one to the quality of life for people in the British Isles, and also one critical to both businesses and the national economy. Until labour reforms were introduced, workers had no to little effective rights. Here is a very brief overview of the history of workers rights in England.
Feudal England
The Ordinance of Labourers 1349 and the Statute of Labourers 1351 suppressed wages, banned unions, and made it illegal for able-bodied people to not work. These laws led to the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381.
1833 Factory Act
Limited the working week for children and required children under 13 to receive two hours of elementary schooling each day. An overview can be found here
1844 Factory Act
Reduced hours for women and children in the textile industry. An overview of this can be found here.
1847 Factory Act
Limited the working day to ten hours for women and children under 18 in the textile industry. An overview can be found here.
Mines Regulation Act 1860
This increased the minimum age at which boys could work in mines from 10 to 12, except under two specific conditions. It also improved safety rules following the 1856 explosion at Cymmer Colliery which resulted in 114 deaths. More about this legislation can be see here.
1872 General Mining Act
Prohibited women and girls from working underground and limited the working day to 12 hours with no more than two hours of effective work. An overview of this Act can be found here.
1906 Workmen’s Compensation Act
Established health and safety regulations and provided compensation for workers injured at work. An overview of this act can be found here.
1906 Trade Disputes Act
Gave trade unions immunity from civil law enforcement, allowing them to strike and demonstrate without fear of reprisal. The overview of this act can be found here.
The Old Age Pensions Act 1909.
The first pensions were paid out to people over 70 with a weekly income under 12 shillings.
Trade Boards Act 1909
Established the first minimum wages in the UK
The National Insurance Act 1911
Created a fee to ensure people received unemployment benefits
Education Act 1944
Enshrined that female teachers could not to be dismissed upon marriage.
Employees’ Provident Funds Act 1952
Provided post-retirement benefits for employees
Industrial Relations Act 1971
Introduced compensation for unfair dismissal
Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974
Established rules for trade unions, including their legal status and immunity from strike action
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
This was a seminal piece of legislation that created acts as umbrella act under which numerous other acts and statutory instruments reside. There have been additions to this over the years, and parts have been updated, but the core legislation is still in place. The British Safety Council have a good guide/overview of the HSAW1974 which can be found here.
The Pneumoconiosis etc. (Workers’ Compensation) Act 1979
provides lump sum payments to people who have certain dust-related lung diseases:
- Pneumoconiosis, including asbestosis, silicosis, and kaolinosis
- Byssinosis
- Diffuse mesothelioma
- Unilateral or bilateral diffuse pleural thickening
- Asbestos-related primary carcinoma of the lung
1979 also saw the Introduction the concept of shared parental leave, allowing fathers and same-sex partners to take up to 26 weeks of additional paternity leave.
Since 1979 there have been 80 Acts of Parliament passed that are related to employment law, these include restrictions to how Trade Unions operate, introduction of minimum wages, the Disability Act and the Equalities Act. This is a lot of legislation, many have made earlier legislation largely redundant, but it is still a ridiculous amount of law for any employment lawyer to get their head around.
We believe that this requires a systemic approach to consolidate these laws into a single Umbrella Act and then introduce a smaller number of acts that sit under that umbrella to protect everyone’s rights, employees, employers and the ability of Unions to guard against unfair practices. Such legislation has worked well with the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, which is an umbrella act encompassing many acts that have a specialist nature, examples being those that address specific hazards, such as Legionella, Asbestos and Electricity.
The money in a person’s pocket has a direct impact on their quality of life, mental health, relationship stability and thus, a direct impact on society.
Salaries have been rising in the UK, in fact, they have jumped dramatically in the last 12 months. The below graphs from Statistica give a graphic picture of how salarties have risen.
However, these statistics hide a dark truth, whilst the median salary for some has increased, this has not helped many, who are stuck on sub-optimal salaries doing “menial” work that pays considerably less than the “average” salary. Union Learn have a great chart on their site that lists 350 job roles with thier avarage salary. It would be too cumbersome to list all 350 here, but what we have recreated is the top 12 Job roles and the bottom 12 job roles for comparison. This Data is from 2020, so we have used the 2020 average salary scale for this comparison to keep things fair.
Career | Average pay (per hour)* | Average pay (weekly) | Average pay (annual) |
---|---|---|---|
Chief executives and senior officials | £56 (36 hours) | £2,000 | £104,000 |
Brokers | £52 (38 hours) | £1,980 | £102,960 |
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers | £46 (40 hours) | £1,850 | £96,200 |
Air traffic controllers | £37 (47 hours) | £1,730 | £89,960 |
Advertising and public relations directors | £41 (41 hours) | £1,700 | £88,400 |
Legal professionals n.e.c. | £51 (33 hours) | £1,690 | £87,880 |
Marketing and sales directors | £43 (37 hours) | £1,590 | £82,680 |
Information technology and telecommunications directors | £42 (38 hours) | £1,590 | £82,680 |
Financial managers and directors | £40 (38 hours) | £1,520 | £79,040 |
Medical practitioners | £42 (34 hours) | £1,440 | £74,880 |
Financial institution managers and directors | £43 (33 hours) | £1,410 | £73,320 |
Officers in armed forces | Insufficient hours data | £1,370 | £71,240 |
Career | Average pay (per hour)* | Average pay (weekly) | Average pay (annual) |
---|---|---|---|
Nursery nurses and assistants | £12 (31 hours) | £370 | £19,240 |
Window cleaners | £12 (31 hours) | £370 | £19,240 |
Beauticians and related occupations | £10 (36 hours) | £360 | £18,720 |
Kitchen and catering assistants | £9 (39 hours) | £360 | £18,720 |
Leisure and theme park attendants | £11 (32 hours) | £360 | £18,720 |
Launderers, dry cleaners and pressers | £9 (39 hours) | £360 | £18,720 |
Playworkers | £25 (14 hours) | £350 | £18,200 |
Other elementary services occupations n.e.c. | £10 (35 hours) | £350 | £18,200 |
Waiters and waitresses | £9 (38 hours) | £340 | £17,680 |
Bar staff | £9 (36 hours) | £340 | £17,680 |
Hairdressers and barbers | £10 (33 hours) | £330 | £17,160 |
Florists | £10 (32 hours) | £330 | £17,160 |
When you take the average salary in the UK, you can see clearly that those roles at the top of the chart actually distort our view of the “average” salary – on their chart the averaged salary was £35, 978, slightly above the national average posted by the ONS which stood at £31,470. The median salary on the Union Learn list is £31,720, more in line with thr average salary quoted by the Government.
Using this list, 60.5% of job roles earn below the avarage salary on the list, with 49.7% earning less than the median salary on the list. Then we have the scourge we all now at inflation.
So whilst some salaries have risen, even those rises have been overshadowed by the inflastion figures since the pandemic. OBI (Office for Budget Responsibility) projections have inflation for this year averaging 2.6% with a slight rise in 2025 followed by a very slow decline to 2029 to 2%. The average Inflation rate was 3.51% between 2000 and 2023, with the median being 3.10%. Since 2000, the median increase is 111% between 2000 and 2024, whilst the average salary has risen some 110.25% – 0.75% BELOW the inflation rate– so people in Britain are proportionatly worse of now that 24 years ago. That is a failure of repeated Governance and a failure that has a very real impact on people’s lives.
We will change this cycle –
When wages fail to keep pace with inflation, it directly impacts the quality of life for the majority of people, particularly those on lower or middle incomes. Essential goods and services become less affordable, savings diminish in value, and financial stress increases, particularly for families already struggling to make ends meet.
This issue is often a result of systemic problems, such as poor fiscal policy, underinvestment in key sectors, and a failure to address wage stagnation. Governments have tools—such as minimum wage adjustments, tax relief, and targeted support—to ensure salaries keep pace with or exceed inflation. When these tools aren’t used effectively, it leads to outcomes that have a direct impact on the money in people’s pockets.
It underscores the need for a stronger focus on equitable economic growth, where wage growth is a central priority, ensuring workers share fairly in the benefits of a growing economy.
We do not believe tax relief is not the best use of public money, thus we would make changes to the UK financial structure, and introduce laws that mean even the lowest paid workers are able to afford a decent home, not struggle to buy food and essentials, keep their homes warm and perhaps, afford a reasonable holiday without going into debt.
Regional disparities in wages and living costs often create a misleading narrative about affordability across the UK. While housing costs tend to dominate conversations about regional cost differences, other essential expenses such as food, utilities, and transportation often vary little, leaving many people in lower-wage areas disproportionately affected. Let’s break this down further:
Key Points of Disparity
- Housing Costs:
- Housing costs are higher in areas like London and the South East, but they are increasing rapidly in regions like the Midlands and the North. The gap between regions is narrowing, especially with remote working allowing people to move to less expensive areas.
- Private rents and house prices in many smaller cities and rural areas have risen disproportionately, meaning those earning lower regional wages face growing financial strain.
- Food and Utilities:
- Prices for groceries, energy, and water services are generally uniform across the country. This means that someone earning less in, say, the North East pays the same for a loaf of bread or electricity as someone in London, where wages tend to be higher.
- Utility bills, especially energy, often impact lower-wage earners more since a higher proportion of their income is spent on heating, lighting, and water.
- Transportation:
- Rural and semi-urban areas often have higher transportation costs due to longer distances and reduced public transport options. Fuel prices in rural areas are frequently higher than in urban centers, adding to the financial burden.
- Car ownership is often a necessity in less urbanised regions, while city dwellers may benefit from public transport networks.
- Disparities in Regional Wages:
- Jobs in lower-paying regions often fail to meet the actual cost of living, despite claims of “lower living costs.” The regional wage gap exacerbates inequality, especially in areas with rising rents and insufficient local infrastructure.
A More Uniform Approach to the Living Wage
A uniform national living wage that reflects essential costs across the UK—instead of adjusting for perceived regional differences—might be more equitable. This approach would:
- Recognise that basic living costs (e.g., food, utilities, childcare) are broadly consistent nationwide.
- Help lift people in lower-wage regions to a standard of living comparable to higher-wage areas.
- Compensate for hidden costs, such as transport or fewer job opportunities, in less urban areas.
What Would Be Fair?
- A minimum of £16–£17 per hour nationwide seems like a realistic figure to ensure a reasonable standard of living across most regions.
- For high-cost areas like London, an additional allowance or region-specific adjustment may still be needed, however, action to tackle the unfair rising costs of the capital should also be looked at so that the costs slowly become similar around the nations regions.
- The Government should also look at measures to control house prices and the rental market. The rises in house prices are outstripping mortgagees ability to afford a decent home, whilst their monthly costs vary with variable rate mortgages.
- We will investigate changing then law to make all mortgages fixed rate over the life of the mortgage, or at least so they are fixed in a given year and cannot rise more than the inflation rate projected by the OBI for the following 12 months. Stability is key to helping people manage their finances better.
A National Perspective on Living Costs
Instead of focusing narrowly on housing as the primary driver of cost differences, policy makers should:
- Prioritise energy and transport cost regulation, especially in rural areas.
- Invest in affordable housing across all regions, not just urban centers.
- Implement a fair living wage floor that reflects the realities of a modern, interconnected economy, recognising that disparities in wages don’t always align with differences in costs.
Addressing these systemic issues would go a long way toward reducing regional inequality and ensuring that everyone, regardless of where they live, can meet the true cost of living.
Salary Payments
40 years ago the average worker was paid weekly, they paid their bills weekly and they managed their finances fairly well, over the last 30 years it has moved to monthly salary payments, this is not to make life easier for employees, it is to reduce costs for the employer – wel, we will change that. It will become law that all employees shall be paid weekly, with exceptions made for company directors who will be able to elect for weekly, monthly or quarterly payments. Taking things back to where people can manage their financial obligations is far more important than the convenience of employers.